Guru Nanak

Guru Nanak ( 24 November 1496 - 10 October 1539 ) was the founder of Sikhism and first of the ten Sikh Gurus .His birth is celebrated worldwide as Guru Nanak Gurpurab on Kartik Poornima , the full moon day in the month of Katak , October - November .

Guru Nanak travelled far and wide teaching people the message of one God who dwells in everyone of His creation and constitutes the internal truth . He set up a unique , spiritual , social . political platform based on equality, goodness and virtue.

Guru Nanak 's words are registered in the form of 974 poetic hymns in the holy text of Sikhism , the Guru Granth Sahib  , with some of the major prayers being the Japji Sahib , the Asa di Var and Sidh - Ghost . It is the part of Sikh religious belief that the spirit of Guru Nanak 's sanctity , divinity , and religious authority descended upon each of the nine subsequent Gurus when the Guruship was developed on to them .

Teaching of Guru Nanak 

There is one God 

He says there is only one God who is supreme , truth and ultimate reality . He known no fear and does not have any enemies . He is self created and is beyond time . He reveals himself to the created begins through his own grace .

All humans are equal

There are no caste , creed or religious difference . Never discriminate people on the basis of race , status and caste . To illustrate his teaching Guru Nanak started an institution called Langar that promoted sitting together and eating without any distinction and differences .

The greatness of womanhood 

Men and women are equal . In fact , women are even more respectable since man is born to a women , he is married to a women , he makes friend with women , his future generations depend on women . Without women there will not be anyone on this earth except the lord . Therefore , respect her and never call her bad . 

WORLD OF AMPHIBIANS

Imagine a life spent half on land and half in water ! Amphibians are animals that can exist in both environments . They were named after the Greek word of ' amphibios ' , which means ' both lives ' . Frogs , toads, salamanders , newts and caecilians are all amphibians .

WET AND WILD 

Most amphibians spend their baby days in water and grow up to live on land . Some , however , live in water all their lives . Amphibians have the same body temperature as their environment . They have moist skin , which does not dry up even while thy are on land . Many amphibians breathe through their skin , though some might have gills in their younger years . An amphibians 's body does not have any hair , scales or feathers .

BABY DAYS

Most amphibians babies look completely different from their parents . For instance , baby frogs and toads have tails and swim in water , while their parents have legs and mostly live on land . Others , like baby newts and salamanders .

WATER EGGS

Baby amphibians are born from eggs that their mothers lay , mostly in water . Some mothers hide their eggs so that other animals cannot find and eat them . Interestingly , the Midwife toads carry the eggs on their backs . 

  

A FROG 'S FABLE

Mothers frogs lay about 100 eggs at a time . These eggs , called frogspawn , are clumped together . They look like little jelly balls with a black eye in the centre of each egg . Since many animals like many animals like to eat these eggs , mother frogs keep them safe . While some mothers carry the eggs on their back , some fathers hide them in their vocal sac . Sometimes , frogspawn floats or sticks to plants .

INSIDE THE EGG

As days go by , the little black eye inside the egg begins to grow . It soon forms the shape of head and a tail and grows into a  baby frog , called a tadpole . It takes the tadpole about ten days to wriggle out of the White jelly . At this stage , the tadpole is to weak to swim far into the water . 

GROWING UP 

The little tadpole soon develops external gills to breathe . In the fourth week , the gills are developed within the body . At eight weeks , two tiny bumps come out near the tail . These bumps soon grow into hind legs . The tadpole 's tail also gradually disappears . By now , the tadpole has two front legs , like its parents .

OUT OF WATER 

Soon the tadpole 's gills change into developed lungs . This helps them to swim to the surface and gulp in air . The metamorphosis of the frog thus gets complete .

LEAVING THE POND 

The little frog now lives on land - at the edge of the pond , under moist stones or on leaves . It swims in the pond but returns to its home on land . It always stays cautious to be away from predators . Waterbirds , such as herons , are specially fond of frogs !

Circle of life

Every product , when made , uses natural resources of the environment like water , minerals , land and so on . Every product has a life from the moment it is created . That is the beginning of its life cycle . When the user does not need it anymore , or when it stops working , the product 's life cycle comes to an end . 

Cell phones : Not a happy ring to it ! 

People generally change their phones every eighteen months . Not many people may know that making more cell phones means hurting the environment and also gorillas . Cell phones are made up of minerals called coltan , which is found in the Congo , which also happens to be the habitat of gorillas . Mining for this mineral means cutting down trees and forests where gorillas live . 
Learning about the cell phone 's life cycle may make you think about the energy , money and resources that go into making it . Think about giving ' reuse , reduce or recycle ' a chance before you throw it in the trash .

Life cycle of a cell phone 

1 . Gathering the material 

A cell phone is made from minerals and materials that are obtained from the earth , for example , nickel , cobalt , zinc , cadmium , copper and lithium metallic oxide among others . 

2 . Preparing the materials 

The material needed to make a cell phone are extracted from the earth treated , prepared and shipped to parts of the world for assembly . 

3 . Putting the material together 

Electricity , crude oil , plastics , fibreglass and glue are only some of the things need to put the cell phone together . All of these materials are sourced and treated in different places and finally , transported to the assembly unit . 

4 . Getting the cell phone to the store 

Plastic and cardboard packaging boxes that are made in other parts of the world re shipped to the factory where the cell phones are assembled . Once packed , the cell phones are again shipped to different countries from where they are sent byroad or rail to store in different cities . 

5 . Using the cell phone 

People buy and use the cell phone . The packaging is trashed . 

6 . Getting rid of the cell phone 

Cell phones are either reused by another person or stay unused with the owner . Often , they end up in landfills .

Diwali ka Mehatav

Aaj humare desh mai bahut sare garib bhuke peat sote hai .  tajub ki baat ye hai ki humare pass mandiron , masjidon , aur church jaise dharmic sthalon per chadane ke liye paise hote hai per kisi garib ka peat barne ke liye nhi hote /aaj humare desh me bahut sare aise log hai ( jaise designer neta , designer patrakar aur humare desh ke kuch budhijivi ) jo humare hi desh ke bare me bahut bura - bhala bolte hai  hum aise logon ko Twitter , facebook per follow bhi karte

Humare desh me vaise to bahut saare tyohhar manaye jate hain , per jo ronak  Diwali ki hoti hai vaise kisi tyohaar ki nhi hoti .  Diwali ek aisa paawan parav hai jo ek insaan ko dusre insaan se jodta hai , uski ejjat karna sikhata hai .  

Vaise main to aapko yeh bata sakti hun ki diwali kyu aur kab manai jati hai , per yeh to koi dhi school me padhne wala baccha apko bata dega .  Diwali ka mahatav humari zindagi mai bahut hai lekin ab hum iske mahetav ko , bhagwan Ram ko bhulte ja rhe hai . 


Hum sab vaise to Ramrajya chate hai per waha ke sanskar nhi apanana chate .  Ramrajya se mera matalb kisi ek dharm se nhi hai balki yeh veh ram hai jo sabke man me basate hai .  Ramrajya main ek - dusre ke dharm ki ejjat ki jati thi , striyon ko pura samaan diya jata tha , ek - dusre ka khyal rakha jata tha , garrib kabhi bhuke paet nhi sote the aur sabse badi bat vahan ke log apne rajya ki bahut ejjat karte the per aaj hum ek dusre ke dharamon me kamiya nikalte hai , uska majak udate hai , striyon ka apmaan krne se be nhi hichakte hai aur ek - dusre ka khayal rakhna to bahut dur ki baat hai .

hume samjhna hoga ki burai un me nhi hum jaise logon me hai jo unki vichardhaara se bhaut prabhavit ho jate hai , une apne ser aankhon per bitha lete hai .  unnke liye hum kuch bhi karne ke liiye taiyaar ho jate hai . Agar hume kuch karna hi hai to hum un jawano ke liye  karen jo  humare liye border per sahid ho jate hai , hum to unke pariwaar ke liye bhi kuch nhi karte kyuki hum karna hi nhi chate 

Aakhir me mai sirf itna hi khungi ki humari diwali khushiyon bhari tab hi ban payegi jab humare dil me sahi maino me Ram ji aaker busenge 

meri taraf se aap sabko happy diwali ye diwali apke aur apke parivaar ke liye mangalmay ho ..... 

      

Recycling around the world

Scandinavian and north - western European countries recycle the most . Overall , Sweden , Finland , Norway , Holland , Denmark , Austria , Switzerland , Germany , France and Japan have the highest recycling rates 

US

Today , the US recycles 42 % of all paper , 55 % of all aluminium beer and soft drink cans , 57 % of steel packaging and 52 % of all major appliances . This has more than doubled in the last 15 years . Of course , the amount of recycling in the US differs from state to state . Alaska recycles less than 9 % of its waste while New York recycles 40 %.

Europe

The Swiss do not just throw things away . They reuse and recycle them . They have to . And , they have to pay for some of it ! Although recycling is free , rubbish bags that are collected from homes must have a sticker , which costs one Euro . If the rubbish does not have a sticker , the rubbish rots at the person 's doorstep . Switzerland recycles 91 % of its drink cans , It recycles 80 % of its plastics containers , which is more than Europe 's average 30 % ! If it 's Germany , it must be Eco - friendly . Recycling in Germany is a very complicated activity . People tend to look out for items with the Green Dot , which simply means that the manufacturer has to pay for packaging . Green Dot products have less paper and metal and use thinner glass . Recycling bins are colour - coded brown , grey , black , yellow and green . If things are not in the correct bin they could land up getting burned in the incinerator , which could give out poisonous gases .

 Spain can easily be called the leader of glass recycling . The law in this country puts the responsibility of recycling on companies that sell their products in glass containers . Companies have to pay for the collection , sorting and recycling of their bottles . 

Closing the loop

A circle has no beginning and no end , and all the points on its path must meet to complete it ! The recycling loop is much the same . In order for all of its points to meet , people need to recycle , as well as buy recycled things . Just reducing , reusing and recycling is not enough . After a product is recycled , people must choose to buy it over products that are not .



In good shape !

When people buy recycled items they make a huge contribution not just to the planet but also to other human beings . Water , land , minerals and forests are the earth 's limited natural resources . Some of our resources like oil and coal once used , can never be replaced again . Each time a products such as a furniture , paper and glass bottles is made , natural resources are used up . Buying recycled products means saving resources earned ! The waste that is created when things are made from scratch goes into the ground , water supply , air or landfills . For every fifteen thousand tonnes of waste that is sent to landfills only one job is created for people . However , when that waste is recycled , it gives a chance to nine people to earn a living .

Affordable and available

Many people believe that recycled products are more expensive . That might have been true some years ago , but today , recycled products are affordable and easily available . In fact , most cereal boxes are made from 100 % recycled paper ; they are grey in colour on the inside . Whether people can tell or not , hundreds of things in their homes , schools and at work are made from recycled materials . Some of the things you would never expect to see recycled into air : fleece jackets from plastic bottles ; mouse mat from rubber tyres , pencil from plastic cups and even teddy bears from 100 % recycled knitwear .

What 's recyclable and what 's not

There are many things that you can recycle . Some of these things may need extra effort to get them to their correct recycling centre , yet for our planet 's sake it is all well worth it .

Batteries 

Primary batteries such as those used in radios , toys . cameras , torches , watches , computers , calculators and hearing aids cannot be reused . Secondary ( rechargeable ) batteries , which are used in camcorders , portable radios , laptops , mobile phones and remote - controlled toys can be reused . The bad news is that most household batteries end up in landfills because people cannot identify the different battery types to recycle them accordingly . Those that are marked as nickel cadmium ( Ni - Cd ) , nickel meta hydride ( Ni -MH ) , lithium ion ( Li - ion ) , and small sealed lead ( Pb ) are recyclable .

Plastics 

Plastics bottles are labelled with a number that stands for the material they are made of . Bottles numbered one , two , three , four five and seven are usually containers for soda , cooking oil , milk and detergent . These are recyclable . It is very difficult to recycle polystyrene found in bottles that are numbered six . 

....and many more 

Cell phones , old computers , fluorescent bulbs , used motor oil , aluminium and steel cans and containers . tyres , wood , plastic bags , paint , building materials , cardboard egg cartons , empty aerosol cans , tissue boxes and wrapping paper are some of the many things that can be recycled .

It 's all back ... recycled !!!

Once paper , aluminium cans , glass and plastic are trashed in recycle bins they are taken to recycling centres . It is there that the recycling process begins .

Glass - see through recycling !!!

• Glass is separated according to colour . 
• It is then taken to a glass unit , where it is cleaned . It is crushed into a small pieces called cullet . 
•  The cullet is mixed with sand , soda ash , and limestone . This mixture is heated and turned into a liquid . 
• The liquid is poured into moulds to make new glass products such as bottles , floor ties , kitchen counters and even glassphalt for road surfaces .

Aluminium - you can ! 

• Aluminium cans are taken to a recycling plants .
• They are shredded and melted in giant furnaces .
• The melted aluminium is cooled and shaped into a block called ingot .
• The ingot is turned into sheets that are then sent to factories that makes cans , foils , furniture and more .
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Paper - don't write it off !

• Paper is first sorted . It then goes to paper mill , where it is turned into pulp by running it through water and some mechanical processes . 
• Air bubbles are passed through the pulp , which help remove the ink . It is then soaked in chemicals to remove glue and other diet .
• The pulp is beaten and then fed into a machine that rolls out sheets of paper ,which are dried before they can be used . 
• The recycled paper is made into newspapers , magazines , printing paper , cardboard and toilets rolls .
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Plastics - long live plastic !

• Plastics bottles are containers are sent to a facility where they are washed and checked . 
• The plastic is cut into tiny pieces that are melted into liquid in a furnance . The liquid is then turned into long strands . 
• The strands are cut into pellets , which are sent to factories to make new items 
• Recycled plastic is turned into the most imaginative products - tables , chairs , stationary and packing material . 
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Eee - ks waste !!!

When electrical and electronic gadgets such as computers , televisions , DVDs , cellphones , and refrigerators are trashed , they make up e - waste . in European countries and the US , e - waste makes up 1% of the total solid waste , and by 2010 , it will grow to 2 % . In the European Union , each person makes about 14 kilo grams of e - waste every year ; in China and India , if it is less than 1 kilo gram per person in a year . 

Is it all waste ???

By the end of 2007 , we had made forty million metric tonnes of e - waste , which could fill up a line of trucks , bumper to bumper , halfway around the world ! So , you may wonder , where does all this waste go ?? In many countries e - waste ends up in landfills . In Hong Kong , 10 % - 20 % of old computers go to a landfill . E - waste is also taken apart and burned to get metals , such as copper , from it . It is also sold to be dumped in other countries .

My trash is your trash 

Up to 80 % of the US 's e - waste , which can be recycled , is sent to China , Nigeria , India and Pakistan . The us would have to spend 25 dollars to recycle a computer , where as sending it to India costs only 2 to 3 dollars .

Isn't that a good thing ???

If all the e - waste that is export by the Us and European countries were recycled , it would be good for our planet . But this is not what happens . In Guiyu , China piles of e - waste clog the Lianjiang  river . In Accra , Ghana , e- waste from the Us and China is ripped apart for its useful parts and the rest is burned or dumped . Dumping , burning and even stripping e - waste for their parts is harmful to humans and the environment . The chemicals from e - waste enter human bodies , water , soil and air and are known to cause diseases like cancer .

Three Rs at school

Learning to do what is right for the planet is as important as going to school . And , practising the three Rs at school is as simple as learning the alphabet ! Saving energy , money and the earth are all worth your time and effort .

Going to school 

Use the school bus or car pool with friends to reduce air pollution and save fuel .

Plastic bags 

Recycle . Cut into one - inch strips and join to make yarn . Knit a new , stronger plastic bag . Abut sixty bags make a new one .

Printer cartridges 

Refill them . Many manufactures collect old cartridges and pay money .

Cafeteria 

Place a recycling bin and a composting bin . Food waste can be used for composting 

Shredded paper 

Avoid shredding . If it must be done , then use the shreds in a compost bin to absorb water in a soggy pile .

Stationary 

Buy long lasting plastic folders instead of paper ones.Buy refillable items like ens and pencils .

Put notices on bulletin boards instead of making paper copies .

Cardboard boxes 

Reuse for craft projects . Collects and store recyclable items in them .

Recycling bins 

Place separate recycling bins for paper and metal and throw trash in the correct bins .

Paper sheets

Use both sides of the paper . Use scrap paper for taking notes .

Celebrate an Eco - Day 

Fix one day in a month to clean up litter . Learn about reusing materials , reducing waste , recycling ,and composting .

Books 

Cover school books with cut - up brown paper bags or newspapers . Decorate creatively . Pass on used textbooks to junior students .Donate your story books to the school library .

Art class 

Use non - toxic vegetable - based inks and water - based paints .Have a creative art sculpture lesson . Use recyclable items such as plastic bottles , wood , paper , hangers and containers . 

Classroom

Switch off lights and fans when not in use .Set up a reuse box in the classroom for pencils , pens , folders , and other items that are still usable .

Composting with crawlies

In forests , leaves , fruits , flowers , and seeds from trees fall to the ground and rot on their own . They turn into compost , which helps plants to grow. This happens all the time and without the help of humans . Nothing is wasted and everything is recycled back to nature . In cities , people make more waste than nature can manage . But with a little help from human hands wastes , waste can be turned into rich soil . Composting is  a cheap way to reduce and recycle waste to make natural nutrition for soil .

How it works 

Compost is made when different kinds of living creatures such as worm , beetles , insects , bacteria , and fungi feed on waste . It needs air , water , carbon , and nitrogen . Carbon is found in ' brown ' materials such as dry leaves , straw , wood chips , and cardboard . ' Green ' materials contain nitrogen gas , which is found in living things like grass , plants , and vegetables .

 When these ingredients are mixed in the right quantities in a pile or a container , the waste begins to rot . Too much of green material can turn the pile smelly . Too much of brown material can make the pile rot very slowly . The waste pile will turn into compost over a period of time even if it is not checked . The heat from the sun and air are all that are needed . However , if the pile is stirred from time to time it will rot faster . Finally , the waste will turn into a sweet - smelling humus , or compost . 

Worming it up 

Compost can also be made using worms . This is called vermiculture and it can be done is small spaces using just a container . Since worms are omnivores , meat leftovers from the kitchen can also be added to the pile . The compost that is made by worms is of very high quality and can be used in the garden soil or potted plants .

Food for the ' soil ' 

Compost is a health food for grass , plants , and soil . Chemical fertilisers have to be used in the right quantity so that plant roots do not burn . That is not a problem with compost . The soil can take in and use as much as is put into it .

At home with recycling

Practicing the three Rs at home can be fun and exciting . The only tools you need are a caring heart and a thinking mind . Make more with less and use less to make a big difference to planet Earth . 

Cupboard 

• Paint , decorate , repair or donate shoes . Some shoe brands accept used shoes and reuse them to make surfaces of tracks and courts ! 
• Donate clothes , pass them on to siblings or make quilts , cushions or cleaning rags .

Lights 

• Switch off lights when not needed .
• Use compact fluorescent lamps to save energy .

Taps 

• Turn off taps while brushing your teeth . 
• Use a glass of water when rinsing your teeth .
• Wash clothes in cold water . Air - dry and sun - dry them wherever possible .
• Use the energy - saving settings on your dishwasher and let dishes air - dry .

Kitchen 

• Wash dishes in cold water .
• Use egg shells for composting .Place leftover seeds and bread crumbs in the garden as bird food .

• Reuse plastic and glass bottles as containers . Recycle what is not needed .
• Wash fruits and vegetables and rinse dishes in a plugged sink or bowl instead of under running water . 
• Use reusable grocery shopping bag .
• Buy cereal boxes and juice cartons in bulk to reduce buying more packaging .
• Use cleaning clothes instead of paper towels .

Garage

• Recycle the mental parts of a bicycle . 
• Handle - bars , chains , inner tubes , and seats are useful for artist and designer .

Living room 

• Clean , repair , or donate carpets . Cut them up into floor mats for the home or car . Use as compost bin cover in winter .

Study 

• Use newspapers magazines to wrap presents . Recycle the rest .
• Turn off the computer when done . The 'stand - by ' mode uses electricity .
• Donate books to a charity or library . Sell them online . Books cannot be recycled because they are bound by glue .
• CDs : Recycle or cover with felt and use as coasters . Make a wind chime with old CDs .
• Hang them from plants to keep birds away .
• Recycle envelopes , junk mail , catalogues, and coloured paper .

Garden 

• Wash vehicles , outdoor furniture , and the family Pet on the grass - this will water your lawn . 
• Use a trigger nozzle on your garden pipe . Add compost instead of fertilisers to grass and potted plant .